How can access to content be granted in ArcGIS Portal?

Access to content in ArcGIS Portal is primarily granted by assigning roles and managing sharing settings. In an enterprise environment, user roles determine the level of access a user has within the portal, including the ability to view, create, edit, or share content.

When an administrator assigns roles to users or groups, they effectively define permissions that govern users' interactions with the data and applications hosted on the portal. For example, a user assigned a role with editing capabilities will have different access rights compared to a user with only viewing permissions.

Managing sharing settings further allows an organization to control who sees and interacts with specific content. Sharing settings can be defined at the item level (for individual datasets, maps, or apps) or at the group level, thereby allowing precise control over whether items are shared with everyone, certain groups, or kept private to the creator.

While the other options may have their roles in the broader context of system configuration and user management within an organization, they do not directly influence the mechanism of granting access to content within ArcGIS Portal as effectively as role assignments and sharing settings do.