Which of the following services can be managed through ArcGIS Server?

The ability to manage web mapping and geocoding services through ArcGIS Server is essential for organizations that want to provide spatial information and facilitate location-based functionalities. ArcGIS Server allows users to publish, share, and manage various types of services, which includes not just web mapping services that render geographic data as interactive maps, but also geocoding services that convert addresses into geographic coordinates and vice versa.

By supporting these services, ArcGIS Server enables users to build dynamic applications and enhance user experiences in accessing geographic data over the web. This capability extends to various applications and user interfaces, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of spatial analysis and data visualization.

The other options imply a limitation in the services managed through ArcGIS Server, which is not the case. Data storage services alone, analytical processing services exclusively, or only data visualization services do not capture the comprehensive range of capabilities that ArcGIS Server offers in managing diverse and integrated web services essential for geographic information system operations.